NOAA Lists 20 New Corals as Threatened Under the Endangered Species Ac

[Harlequinmania]

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After nearly two years of evaluation, NOAA has decided to list 20 new corals as Threatened under the ESA.  Originally, NOAA proposed to list 66 species, but scientific review deemed only 20 species necessitated Threatened protection.

NOAA has stated that there are currently no prohibitions to the collection, trade, and ownership of these species except for Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata, both of which will remain illegal to collect and own.  NOAA concludes that the aquarium trade has a negative impact on these species but both its impact and the extinction potential for these species are regarded as "low" at this time.

Threatened listing is one step below Endangered listing, which would mean the outright ban of any of these species.  It's also important to understand that species listed as Threatened can also warrant individual prohibition on a case-by-case basis such as A.cervicornis and A.palmata.

Conscientious aquarists may seek to only trade captive propagated specimens of these species in an effort to maintain the availability of these species within the hobby.  However, the reality is that hobbyist-level actions will unlikely have any effect on whether any of these species will warrant special future protection or be elevated to Endangered listing.  For starters, it would prove difficult to educate local island collectors about which coral species not to take, so changing hobbyists' demand will have little effect on supply (ie collection). Additionally, hobbyist have no control over the major contributors to the threat to these species such as pollution, coastal development, and climate change.  Still, promoting captive propagated (and maricultured) corals is the right thing to do.  Hobbyist will just have to wait and see about the future of of these corals in regards to the ESA.

Here are the 22 coral species listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act:

Atlantic Waters

Acropora cervicornis
Acropora palmata
Mycetophyllia ferox
Dendrogyra cylindrus
Orbicella annularis
Orbicella faveolata
Orbicella franksi

Pacific Waters

Acropora globiceps

Acropora globiceps
Acropora jacquelineae
Acropora lokani                       
Acropora pharaonis            
Acropora retusa
Acropora rudis
Acropora speciosa
Acropora tenella    
Anacropora spinosa                       
Euphyllia paradivisa
Isopora crateriformis
Montipora australiensis                       
Pavona diffluens
Porites napopora                  
Seriatopora aculeata

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From NOAA:

NOAA announced on August 27, 2014 its final determinations on our proposal
to list 66 corals and reclassify 2.  In total, 22 species of coral are now
protected as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act, including the
two corals (elkhorn and staghorn) listed as threatened in 2006. Fifteen of
the newly listed species occur in the Indo-Pacific and five in the
Caribbean. None are found in Hawaii.  No species were listed as
"endangered."

The Endangered Species Act gives us some important tools to conserve and
recover those corals most in need of protection. The final decision to
list these 20 corals is a result of the most extensive rulemaking ever
undertaken by NOAA. The amount of scientific information sought, obtained,
and analyzed was unprecedented. This information included general
reef-building coral biology, habitat characteristics and threats, as well
as species-specific spatial, demographic, and other information for the
individual coral species in the final rule.

The final decision is a significant change from the proposed rule in
November 2012, which proposed listing 66 species (a mix of threatened and
endangered). We changed our determinations for many of the species for two
general reasons: (1) We received and gathered new general and species
specific information; and (2) Public comments helped us refine the way we
apply all the available information to determine vulnerability to
extinction of each species considered.

For more information on the next steps and supporting documents, please
visit http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/stories/2014/08/corals_listing.html

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