nakazoru

2l bottle rotifer - $6 2l bottle phyto - $10 Collection, Toa Payoh. TY

Shroom can handle rough handling, so use a chiesel to chip it off or what ever cutter available to remove it. Cutting near the base is always good. Cutting the shroom also can. High flow will shrink the shroom for a week, and it detach abt then, but you need it to let attach itself again. super glue will not work in that sense. Your choice.

No, there is no 100% removal of Fe ions in the real world, good news is very little is left. Flocculation is very similar to skimming, however rather than binding to fine air bubble, it binds to Fe ions as Solidified sludge. This is good as it is easier to removed by skimming and filter wool. So my guess thats the reason why your skimmer is churning out more gunk. I do not know if it other -ions that is removed is good or bad. I still do test for Ca, Mg, KH and salinity, and lies in the same optimal region, with pH affected. Stuff like suspended Oil, sludge in waste water treatment is removed by the process of chemical dosing. So I guess it is bad stuff it removed. It is done by electrically attracting the suspended stuff. As for kalkwasser, it will precipitate PO4 by itself but very slow. Dosing both Fe Salt and lime compliment each other. Fe salts needs high pH to work typically 9pH in treatment plants. Its efficiency is lowered with low pH, so with lime, it raises the pH so Fe salts runs its best. So I will suggest that lime be added to maintain the pH at 8.5.

No matter how much food you feed, PO4 will be difficult to reach 1ppm. "You will need 3 part of Fe to bind 2 part of PO4 releasing 3 part of SO4." So on theory, you need 1.5 ppm of FeSO4 for such high PO4. For 26ltr, all you need remove just PO4 of 1ppm is 39mg for the pail of water. So 1g is quite alot, but unused FeSO4 is consumed to flocgulate the rest of suspended organics... Lime is use as a combination with Fe salt to enhance the process of water treatment of waste water with O2. The end product is better efficiency/quality of treated water. This is confirmed by lab test and used by Water Treatment plant worldwide. Please dun ask me for chemical equation, I only automate their plant. Air Stone will suffice. I use a venturi pump. Brown stuff flocgulate of Fe ions with presents of O2. So it does not means Fe3(PO4)2. Cheers

Hi Kareen; Guess you are a more discipline person than I am. Sometime I let it sit for 2 days as cannot get time to clear the mess I create. Aeration will accelerate the browning of water, that I notice. But none the less will react too. If you fells like it, another good chemical to add as a reagent for the process is none other than Kalkwasser. co-dose the two will be a perfect combination and remove solid mess out of the water. This I read must have present of plentiful of O2, otherwise just waste away... Not too sure of just FeSO4 alone. 1g/20l gives you 50ppm so it seems like too much consider you dun know the PO4. It is alright if you do out of tank, as The Fe really like the white wool and stick to it like magnet.

Ya it is not really related. Guess it is about the same as everyone who keep marine. But dun tell me you only change water once a year. Maybe we start with a fixed SG. Overtime, evaporation... We top up with fresh water. This we normally do. Salinity by definition is the measurement of all kind of salt in water, not only sodium chloride. Change in density of water, thus change in salinity. Food we feed, additive we dose, all has a part to do in increasing SG. Thus came the job of water change. I also normally do water change at a lower SG to counter that. Cheers.

1. Different sea different concentration? Of course, but of slight variation with execption of dead sea. Should not be your concern as if will not be your concern, since they are so diverse, our ocean you know. 2. Sulphate being harmful? Not unless it gets to the point of H2S (Absent of O2), visually it can be observe at sand bed and LS at its early stages, though I did not experience. 3. Iron salts left in tank? Or affecting the fishes? Not so as iron salts are use for health supplement. What causes the fishes short breathed is the decrease in O2 and pH drop. But I will guess you will fell uncomfortable if you swallow 4 Fe tablet rather than recommended, so dun overdose. 4. Rowa is binding by surface area, and have its advantage as is totally not water soluble. Efficiency is thus limited but it is used not because of this but ease of removal. I use both and found FeSO4 offers added clarity which Rowa dun.

Wah lau eh... My profession is Automation and control lah, not chemical engineering, although I work closely with them. Agar Agar. Approximate: My tank is 40G approx 150 ltr 1 level teaspoon of FeSO4.7H2O approximately 5-8 g 33mg/l of FeSO4.7H2O, so 33ppm add to 2701ppm, we get 2734ppm so it is abt 1% increase in ppm of SO4. Seawater very very negligable. Now the PO4 part of it, by product is Fe3(PO4)2 + whatever else. Say super high Phosphate readings of 0.5ppm, I'll have 75mg phosphate in my 150 ltr tank. I will need 3 part of Fe to bind 2 part of PO4 releasing 3 part of SO4. Thus I need only 113mg of FeSO4, but who cares a little more will not harm. Anyhow, it binds beyond PO4. But safe to use less than a teaspoon, dripping. Therefore no need to use a lot. Also dun do so often lah.

Guess China product not good with controller. This model is a new range so will have no 3 year user. My StarMex worst, run only 1 year and breakdown exactly 2 days after warranty. Got to pay fro everything. Receiptist also screw up. Tell me abt a branded Aircon. I guess see heng or suay.

Yep Ferous Phosphate. Out of the system.

The skimmer: Disgusting. Main tank okay, no brown stuff in there. Too late when take pic so no main tank pix.

Then the results on the filter wool, which I change last week.

Yep; The PO4 sample solution should not expire. Here is the update using the drip method: I use a new 500ml distill water add less than 1 teaspoon of FeSO4 in and dissolve quite quickly. Drip like Kalkwasser, I drip 1 drop/sec, notice clouding in 15mins. So I off the drip for 30min so the cloud water will clear. Then I adjust to 1 drop/4 sec and no clouding that is visible. Continue till bottle empty.

Kareen. Oh, the PO4 test kit came with a sample PO4 solution, if no change in color, can throw away. The drip? I do tonight.

Tay's drip method no thread lah. Actually all test kit is not necessary if one has establish a routine. My PO4 testkit use only 5 time then white elephant... now expired, cannot change color liao. Yes, most impt is CA/KH. Mg testkit also waste money. Actually funny thing is that even with low PO4, tank will still have algae... Visually looking at the richness of the water, can agar agar how bad is the PO4, at least for my tank. Okay lah, forget the testkit, now that you mention.

Okay guys. My Hailea themostat/temp sensor has failed to run after using the chiller for >1.5 yrs. Chiller cannot run by itself anymore. Temp display shows 50deg... But it is still running as I have a external digital controller, only that I have to set the temp setpoint really low, allow the controller to start/stop chiller. Do I intend to service it? Who cares since I have a external controller.

You start dripping the FeSO4? I copy Tay's drip method, and seems to work quite well. Created a cloud in the tank when I put 1 drip per sec. Off it and wait 1/2 hour for cloud to clear. I tried again with 1 drip per 4 sec. The cloud does not form as badly and not noticable. After 1 day, skimmer seems to slow in skimming, and filter wool seems so brownish. The brown coagulated particles seems to stick to filter wool than extracted by skimmer, as my skimmer seems to have less skimmate than yesterday. Maybe wool is more electrically charged to attract the particle... I will have to change out the wool tonight otherwise it leeach back to tank. Did not see the glass to be affected. Tank now good as new after 3 mth neber change water and overfeeding. Worst no skimmer for awhile. Lousy/Cheap skimmer only add headache. Spawning Clownfish only results in overfeeding... Now using Redsea Pro, much better. PO4 reading using drip method??? Damn it, test kit expired.... Go Reefdepot, closed on Monday. Damn it again, waste petrol, somemore so expensive now...

Sorry Sorry.. "Mg has a higher ppm than SO4" SO4 has higher ppm. My mistake. Magnesium Mg has higher ppm than Sulfur S, as a single ions, but hot as sulphate. As fo relationship mg/l and ppm, 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram/liter (mg/L). which is the same thing. Essentially meant the same thing. I confused everybody. Doesn't help when I just woke up.

Good Morning Sis Kareen; Doing maths early in the morning? If you calculate it in that sense, I probably just do it in this sense, with ions that we normally test: Mg: 1380ppm Ca: 420ppm If Mg = 4% then Ca = 420/1380 x 4% Bingo, we get 1.31%, the rest of the minerals like PO4, Fe has less than 1 ppm that make up the rest. Yes that is about right... chemical concentration ppm, mg/kg part of salinity % Chloride Cl 19345(ppm) 55.03% Sodium Na 10752(ppm) 30.59% Sulfate SO4 2701(ppm) 7.68% Magnesium 1295(ppm) 3.68% Calcium Ca 416(ppm) 1.18% Potassium K 390(ppm) 1.11% Bicarbonate HCO3 145(ppm) 0.41% However, we test ppm. The percentage I given is in mg/l, which is the absolute weight of the minerals, then different minerals has a different density. Looking at SO4 and Mg, SO4 is heavier than Mg but Mg has a higher ppm than SO4. Ca has lower density and ppm compare to the two minerals. Hopes it adds up now.

Bro; What is the size?

Hi Kareen Imbalance is hardly new in home aquarium. Especially those with no high end monitoring equipment. One will still need to perform water change regardless of the what filtration or chemical media we use. This keeps the S ions in check. Only when O ions is serverly depleted that it exist H2S gas which is toxic. Normally in the sand bed. Revisit, Excluding H and O ions. chlorine accounts for 55% of the ions, sodium comprises 30.6%, sulfate makes up 7.7% and magnesium measures out at 4%. You really have to dose a major amount of Sulphate to push the high enuf kill anything. How abt Calcium and bicarbonate? They are even lower in the order... We dose that everyday. But they are percipated easily.

Hi Bro gan77; Okay reserved for you. Got another Bro picking up tomorrow, and some enquire for rotifer, should be enuf... Bro clownfish88; Phyto are floating algae for feeding corals/pods/plankton/BBS etc. Rotifer is for rearing fish larve/SPS/some LPS... Disturb my sales thread Cheers.

Toa Payoh Lor 2.

I have the above for sale. Live phyto - $6/ltr rotifer - $2/500ml This is the culture for my clownfish spawns... excess and also clownfishes fries did not make it, no where to use these culture.

Aluminium Hydroxide Chloride or Aluminium Sulphate is used again for waste water treatment. In fact most uses a combination of Fe and Alum for their waste water plant. Alum coagulant is heavier than Fe coagulant for it will stays at the bottom once it solidify. Wheras Fe coagulant is slugish in nature and may stick to pipes and and tank wall. Most plant uses Alum incorporate other means of Alum removal to ensure dissolved alum out of the water, 2nd pass. Alum is quite unknown in human consumption and rumoured to cause a few disease. Fe is used for the benefit of human iron supplement. Maybe it applys to fishes too. Primary speaking dosing chemical, affects PH and oxygen, so do it slow to prevent drastic PH swing or oxygen deleting... I dun think it the PH that kills your fish but lower oxygen maybe.