Harlequinmania

So happen to came across this on RC, and would like to share with you guys here. A home made SPS receipe which claim to increase the growth of your SPS by many times within a short period ! ** Extracted from Reef Central Italian Coral Food (Updated 12/20/2006) Materials: 5 Oysters 5 Mussels 5 Clams 5 Shrimp (NOT cocktail shrimp, the big scampi type w/o the head and the shell) 1 Tablespoon of Sugar 200 mL of RO/DI water 10 g of Red Algae (Palmaria palmata; Bisck uses Julian Sprung's brand) and/or 10 g of Spirulina, 10 g of Nori (spirulina is what Bisck prefers) Methods: Make SURE that all ingredients are the freshest possible and DO NOT use frozen foods (unless it is impossible for you). Make sure everything "live" is rinsed and cleaned before putting it into the blender. Put all the ingredients into the blender and blend for 5 min, wait 2 min for it to cool, 5 more min blending, 2 min of waiting again, then finally another 5 min of blending (the pausing is so that the solution doesn't get too hot and "cook" from the heat of the blender/blades). Pour into cube forms (approx 10 mL each). Then freeze it all—you want to minimize how long everything is at room temperature. Procedure: One hour prior to turning off your lights, you have the option of adding Amino acids to the tank*. (For example, 11pm Halides off, add AA’s, 12am, actinics off, then add pappone). Take off the cup of your skimmer, but leave the skimmer running (so you don’t have a massive drop in O2 levels overnight). After the lights are off, start with only a ¼ of a cube per WEEK for every 400 L of tank water (approx 100 gallons). Be sure to measure NO3 and PO4 the next morning so that these parameters don't spike after feeding. You can reduce the amount fed if you are having nutrient problems. Also don’t forget to put the skimmer cup back on the next morning before the lights go back on. *If everything is going well. It is good to wait and see how the tank is doing for awhile before trying this. The whole point here is that you don't want to change anything too fast, because nothing good happens quickly in this hobby. (Another method to grind up amino acid pills in the next batch of food; however Bisck found that it sometimes causes diatom outbreaks in his tank). http://www.reefcentral.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1044421

for a 5ft tank, i would suggest you consider a drop in coil chiller as well since it chill faster and save electricity.

You can check with aquarium artist or reef essential on this pump if they are bringing it in. Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2

Nice tank !!! Anyone got black maxima clam? Didnt see one around for a very longggggg time. Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2

Click through to see the images. Stanford, CA — There has been much attention given to the environmental conditions that trigger a reef’s demise due to bleaching, but little is certain about the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of the bleaching process. New research from Carnegie's Arthur Grossman brings into question the prevailing theory for how bleaching occurs on a molecular level. It is published in Current Biology. Photosynthesis, the process by which plants, algae, and select bacteria convert the sun's light energy into chemical energy, takes place in a cellular organelle called the chloroplast. It has been theorized that the major cause of bleaching is the result of chloroplast damage due to heat stress, which results in the production of toxic, highly reactive oxygen molecules during photosynthesis. Grossman and his team—led by Carnegie's Dimitri Tolleter and in collaboration with John Pringle and Steve Palumbi of Stanford University—demonstrated that bleaching still occurs if the algae are heat stressed in the dark, when the photosynthetic machinery is shut off. This is surprising since it means that toxic oxygen molecules formed in heat-damaged chloroplasts during photosynthetic reactions during the light are likely not the major culprits that cause bleaching. Therefore other, as yet unexplored, mechanisms for bleaching must exist. This work suggests the existence of potentially novel mechanisms associated with coral bleaching. A mechanistic understanding of bleaching is critical for developing strategies to mitigate or eliminate the problem of coral decline. The process of coral bleaching in the dark at elevated temperatures—and perhaps also in response to other stress conditions—could be a potential advantage to corals. Grossman explains: “One theory that we are exploring is that under heat-stress conditions the corals eject the algal symbionts at night in order to avoid the production and accumulation of photosynthetically-derived toxic oxygen molecules during the day. If such molecules were to accumulate, they would threaten the viability of both the alga and its host.” The team’s study also suggest that certain strategies proposed to protect reefs, such as shading the corals from high light, may not prevent high temperature-triggered bleaching (because bleaching would still occur in the dark). Clearly there is a need for more thorough molecular analyses to establish the various molecular causes of the bleaching processes. Additionally, Grossman and Tolleter’s work revealed some key details, such as the breakdown of specific parts of the photosynthetic apparatus when the corals are stressed. This process can be monitored and may potentially serve to evaluate the health of the reef and the risk of bleaching and death. PRESS RELEASE: Carnegie Institution for Science View the full article

Click through to see the images. " height="383" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="680"> "> "> This Hong Kong aquarium by 'v1...rotate' is (over)built using 3/4" Low-Iron Glass (sides and front) and measures 66"L x 26"W x 22"H. The aquarium is an "ultra low nutrient system" utilizing a carbon source and enzyme additives to promote bacteria to reduce nutrient levels (namely NO3 and PO4) in the water column. v1...rotate's attention to every detail is second to none, and his dedication really shows in the end-result. To follow this aquarium build, visit: www.reefcentral.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1767159 www.zeovit.com/forums/showthread.php?t=16972 View the full article

From the piping work, not many shop design the piping work like them which I liked.

Who is your tank maker? Reef systems ?

Click through to see the images. In my fish medicine cabinet (from top left to bottom right): Refractometer Salifert Flatworm Exit (I administer FWE to all new shipments of coral, clams, and anything with substrate) Salifert Nitrite test kit Salifert Ammonia test kit Salifert Nitrate test kit Salifert Phosphate test kit Salifert Alkalinity test kit Salifert Calcium test kit Measuring syringes, spoons, and pipettes Chloroquine phosphate powder (Used to treat ectoparasites such as Marine Ich and flukes; My new standard medication for quarantine) Seachem Ammonia Alert (Used in all my quarantine tanks) Seachem Prime (emergency ammonia/nitrite neutralizer. Always have a bottle on hand in case your hospital or quarantine tank develops NH4 or NO2 spikes). Methylene Blue (for fungus infections, which are rarely encountered in saltwater) PraziPro (liquid praziquantel for de-worming and fluke eradication. Often used during quarantine) Cupramine (for general treatment of protists such as Marine Ich, Oodinium, Amyloodinium, and Ichthyophthirius. I have largely replaced the use of Cupramine with Chloroquine phosphate) Kent Marine Lugol's Iodine (Used as a coral dip) Two Little Fishes' ReVive (Used as a secondary coral dip) I've bolded what I believe are must-have items for every marine fishkeeper. Cupramine is highlighted if you are unable to find Chloroquine phosphate (CP). The coral dips aren't bolded because there are many different ways people successfully treat new corals, but you should definitely develop your own coral dipping regiment. I'd like to take this opportunity to remind everyone the importance of quarantine. If you are not quarantining fish (and dipping corals), I implore you to do so. Anyone who's ever dealt with eradicating diseases and coral pests will tell you an ounce of prevention is worth a ton of cure. Save your sanity ... and the lives of the animals you chose to steward. View the full article

Click through to see the images. In a recent paper, researchers associated with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) describe a deep-sea squid that appears to use a different method to lure prey—its tentacle tips flap and flutter as if swimming on their own. The researchers hypothesize that the motion of these tentacle tips may induce small shrimp and other animals to approach within reach of the squid's arms. Most squids have eight arms and two longer "feeding" tentacles. The tips of the tentacles, which are often broader and armed with suckers or hooks, are known as "clubs." Such squids hunt by rapidly extending their tentacles and then grabbing prey with their clubs. The squids also use the tentacles to carry captured prey to their mouths. The deep-sea squid Grimalditeuthis bonplandi seems to use a very different feeding strategy. A slow swimmer with a weak, gelatinous body, its tentacles are long, thin, fragile, and too weak to capture prey. Unlike any other known squid, its tentacles do not have any suckers, hooks, or photophores (glowing spots). Until just a few years ago, the marine biologists had only seen specimens of G. bonplandi that were dead or dying after having been captured in deep-sea trawl nets. However, using video from underwater robots known as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), the authors of the recent paper were able to study how these squids behave in their native habitat, 1,000 to 2,000 meters (roughly one mile) below the ocean surface. The lead author of the paper, Henk-Jan Hoving, was a postdoctoral fellow at MBARI from August 2010 until July 2013. He and his coauthors examined video of G. bonplandi taken during an MBARI ROV dive in Monterey Bay. They also analyzed video collected by several oil-industry ROVs in the Gulf of Mexico, as part of the Scientific and Environmental ROV Partnership Using Existing Industrial Technology (SERPENT) project. In addition, the researchers dissected over two dozen preserved squids from various collections. When the ROVs first approached, most of the squids were hanging motionless in the water with their eight arms spread wide and their two long, thin tentacles dangling below. What intrigued the researchers was that the squids' tentacles did not move on their own, but were propelled by fluttering and flapping motions of thin, fin-like membranes on the clubs. The clubs appeared to swim on their own, with the tentacles trailing behind. Instead of using its muscles to extend its tentacles, like most squids, G. bonplandi sends its clubs swimming away from its body, dragging the tentacles behind them. After the tentacles are extended, the clubs continue to wiggle independently of the tentacles. When threatened, instead of retracting its tentacles as most squids would do, G. bonplandi swims down toward its clubs. After swimming alongside its clubs, the squid coils both the tentacles and clubs and hides them within its arms before swimming away. In short, all of the motions and activities of these squids appear to be directed toward giving the impression that their clubs are small, swimming animals, independent from the rest of the squids' bodies. The researchers speculate that the motion of the clubs may induce smaller squids and shrimp to approach close enough to be captured by G. bonplandi's arms (the researchers observed remnants of small squids and shrimps in the stomachs of the G. bonplandi that they dissected). Because G. bonplandi's clubs do not glow, they would be invisible in the inky darkness of the deep sea. However, the researchers proposed several other ways that these "swimming" clubs might attract prey. One possibility is that the moving clubs could disturb glowing microscopic organisms in the surrounding water, causing the water to glow like a ship's wake during a red-tide bloom. The clubs' swimming motions would also create turbulence or vibrations in the water, which could be detected by their prey. Such vibrations might mimic the vibrations used by prey animals to attract mates. Alternatively, they might be similar to the vibrations created by the even smaller animals eaten by G. bonplandi's prey. Because Hoving and his coauthors have never actually seen this squid capture prey, they still do not know how exactly G. bonplandi feeds on any animals that it attracts using its "swimming" tentacle tips. But their detailed observations provide yet another example of the improbable survival strategies that have evolved in the often food-limited environment of the deep sea. ### For additional information, video, or images relating to this news release, please contact: Kim Fulton-Bennett 831-775-1835, kfb@mbari.org View the full article

Come to singapore and we bring you to places to help stock up your new tank lol.. Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2

Wow.. that is abit costy to further treat your water with rowaphos . It very much depend on what you are keeping, if you are keeping a fish only tank as what i am now, tape water is fine but of course RO/DI would be better. I keep my algae growth in check by cutting down the density of my LED light and reducing the number of hour the light is running. If you are keeping dedicated coral like SPS, RO/DI water is a must . Seacherm prime is more expensive than other water conditional, but it is very concentrated which require very little dose so it is about the same i feel .

Shocks caused by climate and seasonal change could be used to aid recovery of some of the world's badly-degraded coral reefs, an international team of scientists has proposed. (2013-09-03) View the full article

Click through to see the images. Preface: The unit discussed in this article is a beta unit. The final product may be different than our hands-on preview. The Ecotech Marine ReefLink is a simple compact white box. It's only notable features are a multi-colored circular LED indicator light and three rear connections: a C7 power cable that plugs directly into the wall outlet (the power supply is located inside the housing so there are no external transformers), a standard Type-A USB port, and an ethernet RJ45 port. No buttons. No dials. Nothing to manually interact with (unless you count the tiny pin reset button on the rear panel). Its simplicity is a very good thing. Ecotech traditionally uses multi-colored LED indicator lights to display the current operation of their devices, and the ReefLink is no different. And sure enough, we saw the lights change color and patterns as we initiated the ReefLink. Unfortunately the limited literature provided to us for this beta unit does not describe what the different lights mean, but I'm sure the retail version will provide users with full details. I'm not the biggest fan of having to refer to a reference chart to understand what your product is doing, but if the product works as intended, there's very little chance you'll see much of the ReefLink after you set it up. Set up was extremely simple. Update or download the latest version of Ecosmart Live Connection Manager to your computer, login to Ecosmartlive.com, than connect the ReefLink to that computer with the Connection Manager running. Your computer will automatically pop up a screen for you to connect the ReefLink to your home internet network. You can choose to establish this connection wirelessly (the ReefLink will find available wifi networks, after which you enter your network's password) or you can connect the ReefLink to your router/ modem via the ethernet port. That's it! After you've connected the ReefLink with your internet network, you no longer need the USB cable. In fact, it appears you no longer need to run the Ecosmart Live Connection Manager on any of your devices as the ReefLink itself seems to host the connection manager. You simply log on to ecosmartlive.com from any web device (computer, laptop, tablet, or smart phone) and from anywhere you have web access, you can make changes to your Radions (and soon-to-be Vortechs). As long as the ReefLink is powered on in range of your your Ecotech products and internet, you now have a true wireless, web-based experience ... finally fulfilling the potential of Ecosmart Live, which is still in beta itself. As expected with beta units, there are a few minor software issues that need to be hammered out before full retail production, but we have full faith Ecotech Marine will release a finished product that is extremely simple to set up and use. Ecotech issued the following press release with information about the ReefLink's pricing and schedule: EcoTech Marine readies for ReefLink launch with tiered rollout [ALLENTOWN, PA, August 30, 2013]—EcoTech Marine has announced plans to release ReefLink, the latest product in its line of cutting-edge, technologically advanced aquarium equipment. ReefLink is a wireless bridge that seamlessly integrates the web-based EcoSmart Live control platform with the Radion line of lighting equipment to enable users to have complete custom control over their aquarium lighting from any location. The launch will begin with a beta program in September, with full rollout scheduled for late fall 2013. Radion owners who are interested in applying to be a ReefLink beta user are invited to visit http://ecotechmarine.com/products/reeflink to sign up. Beta program members will be slectected by EcoTech staff. Not every applicant will become a beta user, but several phases of beta testing are planned. At launch, ReefLink will work with EcoTech Marine’s Radion LED lighting line. Future integration plans include controlling VorTech pumps via ReefLink. “ReefLink will change the game for aquarists worldwide,” said Tim Marks, president of EcoTech Marine. “This product will enable enthusiasts to control their Radion lighting systems at any time during the day from any location around the globe. We’ll be beta testing our early prototype with a select group of power-users and are looking forward to receiving feedback and suggestions to make the public launch seamless. We expect to do a complete public rollout of ReefLink this fall, with full compatibility for VorTech pumps planned soon. The ReefLink is one more exciting step into the future for EcoTech Marine customers.” Priced at $99 for beta users, with a planned retail price of $199, ReefLink is expected to be available for purchase at leading retailers across the U.S. fall 2013. For a list of EcoTech Marine retailers, visit http://ecotechmarine.com/find-retailers. About EcoTech Marine Founded in 2003 and based in Pennsylvania, EcoTech Marine has revolutionized the way people think about aquarium technology and has raised the industry standard for aquarium equipment. Its technologically superior products, which include its VorTech pumps; Radion lighting products; Elements coral glue; and accessories, offer unmatched performance, and its commitment to elegant design minimizes the equipment’s visual intrusion into customer’s aquarium. The customer-centric company manufactures and assembles products – each of which has been tested and endorsed by marine biologists – that are easily programmable and customizable. For more information about EcoTech Marine, visit: www.ecotechmarine.com. View the full article

Click through to see the images. Do you remember the scene in Star Wars IV: A New Hope where Princess Leia's holographic image is projected into thin air by R2D2? Well, someone has come up with a way you can do that too, with a box-like enclosure and a tablet computer. It's called the i-Lusio and it's a new campaign on Indiegogo (very similar to Kickstarter) by inventor Feddow Claassen. The i-Lusio allows you to take an animated image from your tablet and "place it in the real world and let it interact with surrounding objects." The i-Lusio consists of two parts: a tablet app for displaying a stationary or animated image and a reflection box that reflects the image from the tablet to the viewer using a piece of glass tilted at a 45-degree angle. The user loads their image into the app and places it face down on the i-Lusio box. The image is then reflected to the user inside the box. The i-Lusio can be used for all sorts of applications ranging from displaying 3-dimensional models to having a virtual holographic aquarium. One other neat thing possible with the i-Lusio is physical objects can be placed behind the reflection glass, which makes the animated image look like it is interacting with its environment. If we think about reef aquariums, one could place rock and fake coral pieces behind the glass and viola!, instant virtual reef tank with no maintenance worries. The project is modestly priced at $44 for initial backers, with increasing backing tiers for those that want more. Take a look at the Indiegogo campaign for more information, as well as the two video below. The first video is from the Indiegogo campaign and the second one is from the Naturalis Museum Leiden in the Netherlands and shows a baby velociraptor hatching from an egg (definitely worth a view!). View the full article

Hi Slayer, Thanks for bringing this up, and some time the moderator and i had to delete the multi post one by one. Especially if you are starting a new topic by phone / tapatalk wait for it to load before clicking on the button again. Thanks all for the co-operation and it will make our job easier.

Iwarna carry poly lab bio sphere. Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2

Heard it is design for very deep tank. Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2

Maybe u can give more Info about your tank. How many fishes u have? What tank size you kept? What water did you use for your water change? Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2

Upz for your sales and Is such a pity bro to see you decomm. Hope to see you back soon

Click through to see the images. This morning MACNA 2013 begins in full-swing and one of the first things people want to know is: Where will MACNA 2014 be held??? As of late, the rumor mill was full of speculation of where this might take place. Well, wonder no more because MACNA 2014 will take place in the Mile High City: Denver, Colorado August 29-31, 2014. The conference is being organized by the Colorado Organization for Reef and Aquatic Life and will take place at the Colorado Convention Center. Full conference passes are currently available for $89 per person until October 1. After that, prices begin to rise so get them now! The official hotel for the event is the Hyatt Regency Denver at the Colorado Convention Center and it is located directly across the street from the Colorado Convention Center for your convenience. A special MACNA 2014 room rate of only $129 per night has been arranged by the conference organizers, which is a huge discount from the standard $299 rate! This rate includes free Internet access, as well as discounted on-site self parking. So far they have five speakers lined up for the event: Julian Sprung, Kevin Kohen, Rufus Kimura, Tony Vargas, and Jake Adams, with more expected to follow. Get your tickets now and spread the word! View the full article

Click through to see the images. Reef Brite will debut three new lighting products at MACNA. The first product is a microprocessor-controlled dimmable metal halide ballast. The ballast offers the same self diagnostic features as their existing ballast line to insure maximum performance and lamp life. Furthermore, the ballast comes with a remote control! Reef Brite will offer standard dimmable metal halide ballasts in 150 to 400 watt versions. Commercial versions rated up to 1000 watts will be available for larger systems and public aquariums. Next is a twin lamp hybrid halide system capable of over 1000 watts of output. The hood will accommodate up to 800 watts of metal halide lighting and available with an additional 220 supplemental LEDs. The most remarkable feat about this system: It is a fan-less design! Using proprietary passive cooling technology the system is designed to pull heat up and away from the aquarium instead of focusing heat downward like conventional halide systems. Reef Brite claims that the passive cooling is so effective at lifting heat away from the the tank that "with proper ventilation, the combo hybrid halide hood does not require the use of external chillers to maintain proper aquarium temperature." If this MH+LED hybrid fixture is half as good at removing heat as claimed, it will be an impressive feat. Reef Brite's third product is a digital interface module designed to control LED lighting such as the Reef Brite TECH or XHO LED system via an automated aquarium controller. The unit will utilize A/D D/A conversion allowing it to be operated as a standalone unit. Details about its design and functionality are still sketchy at this time, but according to the R&D team at Reef Brite, the unit "was purposely designed to allow automatic/manual operation of DIY or competitive LED lighting system." These products are still under wraps until MACNA commences, so no additional photos are available at this time except these two of the digital controller we were able to coax out of them. Backside of Reef Brites new LED controller box. What are at the end of those wires is anyone's guess. View the full article

Click through to see the images. The 2013 Florida Coral Spawning Project, sponsored by the Florida Aquarium and the Coral Restoration Foundation, is having great success this year experiencing a huge coral spawn of critically endangered Staghorn Coral (Acropora cervicornis) and Elkhorn Coral (Acropora palmata) with over 250,000 coral ‘babies’ currently swimming and developing in the onsite lab. They experienced a huge coral spawn the other night of several species and have 'babies' of several species developing in the lab. Ryan Czaja from Mystic Aquarium places a collection tent over a spawning staghorn coral. Staghorn coral (A. cervicornis) sperm/egg bundles beginning to seperate. To give you a brief description, the team is working with critically endangered corals of Acropora cervicornis (staghorn coral) and Acropora palmata (elkhorn coral) with the focus on Acropora cervicornis. The conservation/restoration collaborative project is comprised of representatives from: Mystic Aquarium, The Florida Aquarium, Californina Academy of Sciences, SeaWorld Orlando, Disney's Living Seas, Akron Zoo, and Coral Restoration Foundation. Basically they monitor parent (sexually mature) colonies on Molasses Reef (off of Tavernier, FL), the Coral Restoration Foundation's coral site, and the parents that were pulled from CRF's coral site and placed in the lab for when they spawn or release gamete bundles. Each gamete bundle consists of the eggs and sperm from that genotype of coral and our goal is to mix 2 different genotypes to cross fertilize with the goal of having larvae settle out onto a substrate which then can be replaced back onto the reef at a later date to continue to grow and be monitored. View the full article

Click through to see the images. From the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science How tiny fish larvae travel away from the reef, then know how to navigate their way back home is a scientific mystery. A new study led by Dr. Claire Paris, Professor at the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science conducted at One Tree Island in the Great Barrier Reef is helping to shed some light on the topic. Working with colleagues from UM, Boston University, Laboratoire Oceanographique de Villefranche, James Cook University and Oldenburg University, the team has established that reef fish larvae can smell the presence of coral reefs from as far as several kilometers offshore, and use this odor to find home. Members of the research team had established earlier that reef fish larvae could discriminate between the odors of different nearby reefs while preferring the odor of the reef where they were settling (Gerlach et al. Proceedings from the National Academy of Science, 2007). However, these experiments were done under controlled conditions in a shore-based laboratory. “In this collaborative study we expanded our work to demonstrate that the odor responses can also be detected under the field conditions,” said Dr. Jelle Atema, Boston University Professor of Biology. “This establishes for the first time that reef fish larvae discriminate odor in situ.” The current study, which appears in the August 28 edition of PLOS-ONE, was designed to test the response of larvae in a natural open ocean setting using an outflow plume from One Tree Island. Using light traps, the team collected settlement-stage larvae from cardinalfish [Apogonidae] and damselfish [Pomacentridae]. In deployments to the north and south of One Tree Island, single larvae were observed in the central chamber of an o-DISC (ocean Drifting In Situ Chamber,) a unique device created in Paris’ laboratory that is composed of circular behavioral arena transparent to light, sound and small scale turbulence. The light-weight piece of equipment was set adrift in the water column and the swimming activity and bearing of the larva was recorded using an underwater motion sensing and imaging system. The o-DISC tracked larval movement and orientation using odor cues from the environment. This juvenile damselfish smells its way back home. Photo by Paul Asman and Jill Lenoble. Species from the two reef-fish families reacted very differently to the olfactory stimulus. Cardinalfish tended to speed up their movement in response to odors in the plume, but their orientation toward the reef was not apparent. They zigzag within the o-DISC chamber, which led the researchers to believe they were using infotaxis, or sporadic odor cues, in their attempt to orient. In contrast, damselfish slowed their swim speeds, and there was orientation along the shoreline and toward the west. They seemed to be moving with a compass, triggered by the odor stimulus. “Ocean currents do not appear to influence the orientation of fish larvae,” said Paris. “They do not provide a frame of reference since larvae are transported within. Instead, we find that fish larvae navigate by detecting turbulent odor signals transported kilometers away from the reef. Subsequently they switch to a directional cue, perhaps magnetic or acoustic, which allows them to find the reef.” Other fish, including mature sharks and freshwater juvenile salmon navigate using olfactory signals, but this is the first study to report that fish larvae use similar odor cues. “The implications of this study are tremendous, because we have to take into account the impact that human activities might have on the smells contained within the ocean. If these larvae cannot get their ‘wake up’ cues to orient back toward the reef they may stay out at sea and become easy prey before finding home,” said Paris. The University of Miami’s mission is to educate and nurture students, to create knowledge, and to provide service to our community and beyond. Committed to excellence and proud of the diversity of our University family, we strive to develop future leaders of our nation and the world. Founded in the 1940’s, the Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science has grown into one of the world’s premier marine and atmospheric research institutions. Offering dynamic interdisciplinary academics, the Rosenstiel School is dedicated to helping communities to better understand the planet, participating in the establishment of environmental policies, and aiding in the improvement of society and quality of life. For more information, please visit www.rsmas.miami.edu. Journal Reference: “Reef Odor: A wake up call for navigation in reef fish larvae” by C. B. Paris, J. Atema, J.O. Irisson, M. J. Kingsford, G. Gerlach, and C. M. Guigand. PLOS-ONE (August 28, 2013). View the full article

For Rowa phos, you can monitor and measure your p04 level before you decide to change it, whereas for carbon there isnt any test kit in the market which we can test it but generally if you are using it for medicine removal it should be change after a day or two. If you use it to prevent and remove yellow tint in the water a good guide would be about one month.