Achilles Tang

8.5 is still within acceptable parameters. Don't worry about it. As Fuel said, it will drop naturally on its own due to biological processes in the tank. If you are really desperate to lower PH, you can add vinegar or some acid or bubble CO2 in the water at your own risk.

Looks like it's a goner. You know, if you had managed to set up your new skimmer before you left.... there may have been some hope. I am sure your nitrates are high... anemones don't tolerate nitrates well. Are you going to redo your tank properly now that you're back with your 6 foot dream tank?

*wipes elephant poo off body* Boy, I smell really good! I should market this!!! Polio Ripe Laurant! Gucci Smelly! Hugo Balls! Heh heh heh... watching the movie the 2nd time was better. I really enjoyed the music better and could catch the action scenes better coz I had better seats this time. I saw the scene where the helicopter was hovering above Sauron's tower. And how Smeagol's fingers changed from 5 digits to 6 and back again. Amazing what bloops and blunders you can spot!

Happy New Year all!

Moving. Sigh, I am moving so many posts these days. May I should do a fine system...

Hello??? Outdoor tank?? What hole are you talking about, fuel??

You got the Love Hotel in there or what?

Guess what... I am going to watch it again with a friend in 1 hours time... hope I don't fall asleep...I think I caught Tanzy's flu.

If you read the books.... Faramir in the movie is not accurately portrayed as the great man that he actually is..... come to think of it... no one is accurately portrayed... Peter Jackson has a legion of haters and critics who felt that he has destroyed the story. Anyway... my favourite quote.... "The age . . . of men . . . is over. . . . The time . . . of the orcs . . . has come!" *snarl* Heh heh heh... where's seamonkee?

Oh... I thought after being rejected by Aragorn.... she'll retreat to a monastery and become a nun. I guess not.

Tuning a Calcium Carbonate Reactor Tuning of a CaCO3 reactor can be a little fiddly. There is a certain amount of trial and error involved, but I will outline some tips that make conclusions easier. You have two main things to adjust, the CO2 bubble count and the flow rate through the reactor. Increasing the CO2 bubble rate decreases the pH in the reaction chamber which results in more dissolution of the calcium carbonate substrate. Increasing the flow rate through the chamber increases the pH in the chamber. Increasing both the CO2 bubble count and the flow rate should maintain the chamber pH, but will result in more calcium and bicarbonate being added to the water. Measuring the pH in the chamber is not easy and measuring the pH of the effluent only gives and approximate idea of chamber pH. Effluent pH does not give any indication of the rate at which calcium or alkalinity are being added. As the purpose of the reactor is to add calcium and bicarbonate to the system, measurement of the injection rates of calcium and alkalinity (largely bicarbonate) will give the best indication of how well the reactor is functioning and provides accurate feedback to the adjustment of CO2 bubble rate and reactor flow rate. The calcium and alkalinity injection rates should match the calcium and alkalinity depletion rates for the system. Tuning the reactor In order to tune the reactor, it is helpful to know the calcium and alkalinity depletion rates for the system. The reactor is then tuned so that the injection rates meet these. The best way to tune the reactor is to start with some arbitrary settings for CO2 bubble rate and flow rate through the reactor. 15 bubbles per minute and 20 millilitres per minute is a good starting point. Run the reactor for 24 hours so that things will stabilise and then determine the calcium and alkalinity injection rates and measure the effluent pH. If the injection rates are lower than the estimated depletion rates, you are going to need to increase the injection rates. If the pH of the effluent is low (below around pH6.5 for single chamber reactors and below pH6.8 for twin chamber reactors), start by increasing the flow rate through the reactor. If the pH is high (above around pH6.5 for single chamber reactors and above around pH6.8 for twin chamber reactors) start by increasing the bubble count. Only adjust one of either bubble count or flow rate at any one time and wait 24 hours before checking the injection rates and effluent pH. Repeat the above until the injection rate meets the depletion rate. Keep an eye on the tank calcium and alkalinity levels to ensure they stay stable. Note that if you start with low calcium and alkalinity, it might be better to temporarily boost these to around 420 mg/L and 2.8 meq/L using other methods (e.g. separate dosing of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate). If you don't you will need to tune the reactor twice, once with a higher injection rate to get the levels to "normal" and then to set the injection rate to the depletion rate. If the injection rates are higher than the depletion rates, bubble count and flow rate should be adjusted down using the reverse of the above steps. Determining the calcium and alkalinity depletion rates of the system This is quite easy but requires you stop your current methods of dosing calcium and alkalinity for at least 24 hours. This should not cause any major problems for the inhabitants of the tank. Without dosing any calcium or buffer (i.e. no Kalkwasser, or two part additives), measure the calcium and alkalinity of the tank twice, exactly 24 hours apart. The best time to measure is in the morning just before the lights come on, but late in the evening should be fine, too. It is important to measure while there is little calcification happening as this may influence the readings. The difference in the two calcium readings will give you the approximate calcium depletion rate. And the difference in the alkalinity readings will give the approximate alkalinity depletion rate. Calculating calcium and alkalinity injection rates The difference between the tank concentrations of calcium and alkalinity and the effluent concentrations indicates how much the reactor is adding. Coupling this information with the flow rate and the tank volume gives the rate that each is being added to the system. Accurately measure calcium and alkalinity for the tank and the effluent at the same time. Also, accurately measure the flow rate through the reactor. Subtract the tank calcium reading from the effluent calcium reading and this will tell you how much the calcium concentration is being increased as the water passes through the reactor. Next convert the flow rate to a daily rate. i.e. how much water is flowing through the reactor in day. Multiply the concentration difference by the daily flow rate to determine the amount of calcium added per day. Finally, divide the amount of calcium added per day by the tank volume to determine change in calcium concentration per day. Repeat the same calculations for For example, assume the following readings for a 163L tank: Effluent: Calcium 515 mg/L Alkalinity 8.9 meq/L Tank Calcium 395 mg/L Alkalinity 3.9 meq/L Flow rate 1.2 L/hr For calcium: Subtracting 395 mg/L from 515 mg/L gives us 120 mg/L. This means as it is currently tuned, the reactor is adding 120 mg/L to any water that passes through it. 28.8 litres (1.2 L/hr x 24 hr/day) of water flows through the reactor per day. Multiply the concentration increase (120 mg/L) by the amount of water that flows through the reactor in a day (28.8 L) and you will know how much calcium is being added to the tank in one day: 3456 mg. Divide this by the tank volume (163L) to determine the concentration increase per day with the reactor: 21.2 mg/L. This calculation shows that the calcium concentration will increase by 21.2 mg/L per day. For alkalinity: 8.9 - 3.9 = 5 meq/L 28.8 L/day 5 * 28.8 = 144 meq 144 / 163 = 0.88 meq/L This calculation shows that the alkalinity will increase by 0.88 meq/L per day. Measuring the effluent calcium and alkalinity Measuring the calcium and alkalinity in the effluent can be troublesome as the levels of both are expected to be much higher than for normal seawater. Some kits may not be able measure calcium or alkalinity that high. It is worth noting, however, that as both calcium and alkalinity are normally measured using a titration, there should be no reason that extra titrant can't be added. For both the Salifert and Seachem calcium kits, the titration uses a syringe to dispense the titrant. When the entire contents of the syringe is added, the calcium concentration is 500 mg/L. If the syringe is refilled and the titration continued until completion, the reading from the syringe can be added to 500 mg/L to determine the calcium concentration. For example, if the second reading indicates the calcium concentration is 250 mg/L, the total concentration will be 750 mg/L. Similarly, the Salifert alkalinity kit uses a syringe to dispense the titrant and this can be refilled to continue the titration. Another method to extend the titration is to use half quantities of sample and reagents. The reading of the titration is then doubled to get the true measurement. Taken from here.

SHE MARRIED FARAMIR?????!!!!!!!

tang... tank... tang? I have kept three 10cm long purple tangs in a school with no probs... but then... my old tank was 5.5ft long. They need a lot of swimming space. A 3 ft tank is rather small... unless you get a really tiny juvenile and be prepared to give it up once it gets bigger. Tangs may get more aggressive if there is limited space. PTs are known to be aggressive tangs by nature.

Some of the elvish longevity must have rubbed off his Arwen.

Receding tissue on the underside of acros is a common thing in a captive reef. As some of you have correctly pointed out... there are some things that are extremely hard to replicate of the sea. Unless you can supply enough light on the underside of the acros and have enough food for them while maintaining pristine water conditions... well... it will be a very hard task.

The hobbits can live for many years... if I am not wrong. So when they look old, they should be more than a hundred years old? Or was that from Star Wars... regarding Yoda... LOL!!!

Moving out into the Marine Equipment Forum.

Can you post queries about marine equipment in the Marine Equipment Forum? Product Reviews Forum is for PRODUCT REVIEWS ONLY!

what other fishes do you keep with your lionfish?

Possibly, if the ballast is suitable. Get the wrong ballast and your bulb will not be driven to the right colour temperature or maybe even blown. I have used such 'industrial use' MH before and they cannot hold a candle to the proper aquarium MH pendants somehow... they were much dimmer even though they were the same wattage. I narrowed it down to the ballast.

You're wrong... if you wear a skirt... he would in a flash. Oh wait. The men in the Middle Earth... some kinda wore skirts too right?

Come on.... I can show you my precious and you can show me yours...

Come on... what's odd about showing a little brotherly love by gazing for a long time into each other's tear-filled eyes especially after a frag exchange?

Yeah... pls do try to do more research on your own. When I started out in this hobby... i read up more than I ask questions. If you want us to explain stuff... usually, we spend more time thinking and typing... definitely a few hundred words and more time spent on our end vs you Letting your fingers do the walking.... you type a few keywords, click enter and most of the info you seek is already there.

You're wrong... in the animal kingdom, the males are usually much more beautiful than females... peacocks, lions, even marine fishes! Hmmm... regarding homo sapiens... well... women look better only when young.