Welcome to reefing!
1. Generally the media you place inside the aquarium can be classified into 3 groups.
Mechanical (filter sock, fleece, sponge etc) to trap the solid particles in water. You need to replace them when they are dirty.
Biological (siporax, biosphere etc) which is where you grow bacteria to break down ammonia etc. You normally should not disturb them.
Chemical (carbon, phosphate media etc) which adsorb soluble substances in the water. You need to replace them as they exhaust.
The sponge and bio-foam can both act as a mechanical filter and a biological filter. However, they are probably not the best options around. If you use them though, you should set them up such that water flows through the sponge first, which you will replace regularly; then flows through the biofoam, which you will leave it undisturbed.
2. It's no harm to turn on the light. However do note that this probably will cause algae to grow (it's a matter of time anyways). Which means you need to be ready to introduce herbivores, such as snails, to keep them in check.
3. Bacteria may help to speed up the cycle process. It's not necessary though.
4. I do not see any cooling solutions for your aquarium. Do you have any planned? In SG, temperature is a big factor.
In any case, what corals do you fancy? It's makes more sense to decide what you like, then make sure the aquarium can support it.
5. There are a million and one tips in reefing. Some are based on facts, while some are just like old wife's tale. Keep an open mind and think for yourself, that would be a good place to start.
Happy reefing!