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I using 2 x Radions XR30 G4.

I have a few more livestock left for sale and can be pick up by today or tomorrow. 1. Sailfin Tang (bout 4-5 Inches and no damage) S$40 2. Chromis 6 pcs. This guys are my very first fish. S$20 3. GSP 1 = S$15 4. Pulsing Xenia 4 with Clove S$10 - attached to a medium size rock. WhatsApp : 85223044 Location : Admiralty Drive Sembawang (near Canberra Primary School) Bags will be provided. All livestock are still in the tank. Equipment sale to follow after all livestock are sold. Thanks for the Support. -Richard

Yes. Icp testing is a great advancement for us hobbyist. But must be cautious. There are two different icp tests. One is ICP optical emission spectrometry and another is ICP mass spectrometry. From what I know. For optical emission spectrometry some wavelengths are close and may lead to inaccuracies for some elements. In general, trace element dosing has the risk reward ratio skewed towards the negative end. Must be very cautious especially if dosing trace element complex.

With respect to trace element dosing. It pays to consider what randy holmes say. Rather than what companies are trying to sell you... http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-05/rhf/

Why not 0 or any number arbitrarily close to 0. I think 0.1 is still nutrient enriched. Anyway, To be very honest, I dont think it really matters with hobby level accuracy and sampling frequency. As I have mentioned, considering that feeding is an act of disturbance. It pays more to consider disturbance rate, nitrogen input (severity of disturbance) and not just how much im exporting, but export rate.

Allow me to clarify. First. It pays to quantify what you mean by high nitrates. 0.15ppm nitrates is considered high nitrates in research. If you read what i said in my nuisance algae thread. You will realise that nitrate sampled monthly may be zero consistently. But the value may be Flux drastically if i am sampling it hourly. Why? Because the aquarist feeds his tank. When you feed you are providing an influx of nutrients. Second. If you have read my thread on coral appreciation here You will gain the perspective that a coral is not just coral. Consider the mutualistic relationship between the symbionts. Mutualism can be modelled based on cost benefit analysis. In different environment the cost-benefit trade changes. In oligotrophic environment, the zooxanthellae nitrogen supply is controlled by the coral. Both are limited by nitrogen. HOWEVER, zooxanthellae can uptake nitrogen from the surrounding water. In a reef aquarium where nitrogen is no longer the limiting factor, the zooxanthellae is no longer dependent on the coral host for nitrogen. This changes the mutualistic terms of trade between the coral host and zooxanthellae. It is believed that the zooxanthellae will compete with the coral host for nutrients. So think about it Why is the zooxanthellae providing the coral host with 90-95% of its photosynthetic products? If you follow a cost benefit model for mutualism. It makes sense that the zooxanthellae is getting something (precious nitrogen) in return. Summary, if you read this far. There is NOTHING wrong with ULNS. Want growth, feed corals. Simple. Side note. There is also symbiotic cyanobacteria living with da coral. Cyanobacteria is able to fix nitrogen and provide a nitrogen source to the coral. However, nitrogen fixation is a very energetically expensive process. So without the coral heterotrophic feeding, I believe nitrogen is a limiting factor.

So how to cycle like this? By adding in more market prawn? Pls advise So how to Using nsw frm Iwarna ... Market prawn 's moulding now using denitrifying bacteria also dry rock caribsea x 04 live rock x 02... 02 x caribsea Fiji pink Live sand... 1 x miracle mud... 20x marine pure small block 18x marine pure ball